A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

OBELCHERA

Rulandus: i.e., Cucurbit.

OBELKARA

Rulandus: i.e., Cucurbit.

OBRIZUM AURUM

Rulandus: i.e., Pure Gold.

OBRIZUM AURUM PURUM

Rulandus: Gold Calcined to a Dark Red by means of Art.

OCOS, OCOP, OBAC

or

OCAB

Rulandus: i.e., Sal Ammoniac.

OCRA

Rulandus: Yellow Earth; called Uger.

OCRA GRAECIS

Rulandus: A Slimy Earth, called Sil by the Latins. It is twofold-native and manufactured. Native Yellow Ochre, or Yellow Earth, is obtained in the mines of Germany. There is a variety like Chrysocolla, and another called Sander's Blue. Dacian and Hungarian Ochres are most in use among painters. Our own is somewhat despised. Dioscorides (1. 5, c. 58) praises that of Attics, which is very light, brittle, slimy, aqueous, and free from grittiness. He also states that it can be burnt and cleansed like Cadmia, and that its medical quality is astringent, biting, and dispersing. There are various species of Ochre
Some metallic; some hard, as is our own; some simply a yellow earth, and this also is found in our mines. Theophrastus merely describes it as Ochrine Earth. Pliny enumerates (1. 33, c, 12) divers kinds of Sil, or Ochre, and says that the best of these pigments-whether yellow or blue-are derived from Metallic Ores containing Gold and Silver, that Ochre is properly a slime, that the Attics is the best, and that its nature is like marble. There is also compressed Ochre from Cyrus; Achaica, Gaul, India, etc. In the thirteenth chapter of the same book he says that dyeing with Ochre was first invented by a Myconian. Ochre is also found in rivers, as the Elbe, and above all in the Ocra, which flows through Brunswick, whence the substance takes its name, and is called Ochre in Saxony. If the matter be rightly regarded, we have four species of Ochre.
1. From the mines, of a stony quality, and found also on the shore and banks of rivers.
2. A Dust, or Dry Earth, adhering to stones, like Chrysocolla, Blue, etc. This is obtained from the stone quarries of Salveldia.
3. Another Dry Earth, found on river banks.
4. Slimy and sticky, or tenacious, of the nature of marble, and obtained from mines. That Ochre which is found in mines and by rivers, being parched by the heat either of the earth or the sun, is changed into native toddle, and consequently into a kind of clay. Ochre which begins to be changed into ruddle, but is still partly Ochrine, receives its colour from the sun or earth. Artisan's ruddle is made from artificially burnt Ochre. Manufactured Ochre is made from Lead.

OCHRA ATTICA

Rulandus: Ochre which is yellow as the yolk of an egg.

OCCIDENS

Rulandus: i.e., Vinegar.

OCCIDENS STELLA

Rulandus: i.e., Sal Ammoniac.

OCCIDENS

Rulandus: Mercury, Saturn, Salt, Spice, Hermaphrodite, Living Water, Viscous Water, etc.

ODORIFERA MEDICAMENT

Rulandus: are Medicaments which infuse health by their fragrance, and so dispel also diseases.

OFFICINA

Rulandus: A Workshop in which Lead is separated from Silver.

OFFICINA

Rulandus: A Workshop in which Silver is Separated from Brass. Any Place for Refining and Roasting metals.

OLEA SOLUTA

Rulandus: Dissolved Oils, are those which separate by a melting of the subtle oleaginous parts. Accordingly, this is done in the same way as the magisteries of liquids, except that for the magistery all the matters are dissolved into a liquid, and in this case the internal essential parts are dissolved into a thick sap, the coarser parts being left. It is necessary that there should be a preparation in order that they may flow and yield oleaginous matter. Hence they are generally prepared like magisteries, by calcination, maceration, cooking, etc., unless the matter is so tenuous that it will flow with little trouble.

OLEUM

Rulandus: i.e., Fire, is extracted from a dry substance, but the water from a moist substance, for the oil and the water distil each other, and that which remains below is called earth.

OLEUM

Rulandus: is called the First Water, i.e., distilled from blood or hairs.

OLEUM BENEDICTUM

Rulandus: is made of bricks.

OLEUM FRUMENTI

Rulandus: Spring Barley Oil, prepared in two ways, on a glowing plate, and by an ascending distillation.

OLEUM SULPHURIS

Rulandus: A Vapour Extracted by Elevation from Prepared Sulphur.

OLEUM FIXUM

Rulandus: is that which is reduced to an oily consistency out of dissolved matters, purified by filtration, by means of frequent abstraction, chiefly of spirit of wine. And what we call fixing is causing that which is diffuse and of small density to become oily and firm by abstracting or digesting its aqueous part. Hence it is needful that it should be dissolved in water, so that the coarse parts being separated by filtration, the thin parts may be immersed in moisture, whence they may be reduced by means of such a fixation. It is a common practice to dissolve the matter in any liquid, applying maceration, cooking, or melting, either to the matter alone, or combined with other things, The refuse is purged off by filtration.

OLEUM

Rulandus: Oil is either Distilled or Secreted. Distilled Oil is that which is extracted by distillation, which is performed either by ascension, descension, or mixing, or combination, which is absorption. Every absorption is performed by distillation only, but mixing can be effected in other ways.

OLEUM PALESTINUM

Rulandus: Vinegar.

OLEUM STILLATITIUM DESCENSORIUM

Rulandus: is Oil Obtained by Distillation downwards.

OLEUM PER ELIXATIONEM EXTRACTUM

Rulandus: is that which is extracted by cocoon, which can be performed either by boiling in moisture, or by a dry flame.

OLEUM EX ASSATIONE

Rulandus: is Oil obtained by roasting at a dry flame, no menstruum being used. Sometimes the method of burning is substituted for that of roasting.

OLEUM ARDENS

Rulandus: is Oil of Tartar, consummately corrected.

OLEUM VITRIOLI AURIFICATUM

Rulandus: Aureated Oil of Vitriol is Vitriol sweetened by Gold.

OLEUM COLCOTHARINUM

Rulandus: is Red Oil of Vitriol.

OLEITAS RERUM

Rulandus: is the Sulphur which exists in all things.

OLYMPICUS SPIRITUS

Rulandus: The Star in Man, the Astral Body which sends forth doubles.

OLY

Rulandus: is the Moisture or Glue of Metals which flows upon the Menstruum when they are dissolved.

ONYX

Rulandus: is a Gem which, according to Pliny, 1. 37, c. 6, is shaped like a nail or talon. There are many species, some having the colour of Chrysolith, some of Sand, some of jasper. Those of India are black, full of fire, hard, encircled by white veins, which give the whole stone the appearance of an eye. There are Arabian Onyxes which are also black, and have white bands, but they thin from the Indian forms. (See Pliny, 1. c.) We call the gem Sardonyx, from Sarda, which name has affinity with Onyx, and some say that the one stone is found in conjunction with the other. It is said further that Onyx in an erudition of a tree which hardens into a stone. When fire is applied to it, it emits a smell and various figures and marks appear on it. Albertus distinguishes red, black, and white species of Onyx, all of which when they are rubbed resolve into a substance like the human nail. They also say that these gems cause sadness and apprehension. They act upon melancholy temperaments, and provoke turbulent dreams and contentions. They increase saliva in boys. In conjunction with Sard or Sardonyx, their power is softened, and they make men chaste and modest.
1. Pure, transparent, horn-coloured Onyx.
2. Horn-coloured Onyx, having distinct white and purple transverse bands.
3. Horn-coloured Onyx, having milky bands in the upper part, and transverse purple bands in the lower.
4. Horn-coloured Onyx, which is naturally ornamented with lines of red Jasper.
5. Horn-coloured Onyx in which there are lines of dark brown jasper.
6. Horn-coloured Onyx full of red spots.
7. White, transparent Onyx, on which escutcheons are inscribed.
8. Impure, whey-like Onyx.

OPALUS

Rulandus: India is properly the Land of the Opal. It is a Precious Gem, inasmuch as it has the fire of the carbuncle, but somewhat softened ; the purple effulgence of the amethyst ; and the sea greenness of the emerald. There are several kinds. Some Opals have the smooth and equable hues of orpiment, some the ardent glow of sulphur, some the splendour of burning oil. The size of the opal is that of a hazel-nut. Those are corrupt if the colour be of crystal or like hailstones, or if they have spots, eyes, or other blemishes. On account of its beauty, it is called Paederos after one of the Cupids or Loves. Opals are also said to be found in Egypt, Arabia, and the Pontus, but these are the poorest ; better qualities are from Galatia, Thrace, and Cyprus.

OPHITES

Rulandus: is a species of Marble, of which Dioscorides enumerates three species
Rulandus: one black and heavy, another of ash colour, with grey lines and spots, found in Germany, at Mount Joachim; a third, with white bands. It is called Ophites because of its serpent-like hue. It is not true Echites, which is spotted like a viper, though the latter may be a variety of Uphite; nor is it dracontias, nor our serpentine marble ; and, again, it is not to be confused with the stone which is said to be taken from the head of the dragon, or to be composed of the froth of the dragon. That species which has black and grey lines is exactly like our serpents in colour. At the port of Tangra, where once was the royal seat of Charles IV., in the citadel, the temple is adorned with gems, and the walls on all sides are enriched with this kind of Ophite ; the same is a species of adder-stone, which has marks like a viper. There is also another species of Ophite, more nearly approaching the form of a serpent, because it has scales like the serpent; it is, moreover, a crustaceous stone. It is found in many parts of Saxony, but is altogether disesteemed. There is also a third species of Ophite, found on the banks of the Elbe, near Tangra. It is a slender, oblong stone, in shape, like a serpent, as though a serpent had hardened into stone. Within it is black approaching blue; without it is white. Pliny says that its name is derived from its serpentlike spots. He distinguishes two classes-the soft and white, and the dark, which is hard. From the white, he tells us that vessels and caskets are made. Ophite is good for lethargy, headache, and snake-bites.

OPERARIUS

Rulandus: A Workman.

OPERCULUM

Rulandus: The Cover of a Refining Furnace.

OPERCULUM AMPULLAE

Rulandus: The Cover of an Alembic.

OPERCULUM SUPERTORIS FORAMINIS TABULATI FOLLIUM

Rulandus: A Door, Stopper, or Plug.

OPERIMETHIOLIN

Rulandus: A Mineral Spirit.

OPILARE

Rulandus: To Shut, Cover, or Conceal.

OPILATIVA

Rulandus: An Astringent, Constipating Medicine.

OPPODELTOCH

Rulandus: is the most excellent Sticking Plaster of Theophrastus.

OPS METALLUM

Rulandus: Quicksilver.

OPTOS

Rulandus: Patched, Sewed On.

ORALE

Rulandus: i.e., Vessel.

ORBIS

Rulandus: A Dish, or Circular piece of Leather.

ORBIS SAXEUS

Rulandus: A Round Stone.

ORBICULI

Rulandus: Precipitated Cryetals of Salt in the Salt Pan.

ORIENS

Rulandus: i.e., Urine.

ORIENS

Rulandus: A Solution of Iron in Muriatic Acid. The Ascent, Red Olitet, the Father, Red Vitriol, the Ruby, Husband, Salt of Urine, Sun, Gold and Sulphur, Summer, Tartar, Ashes, Ore, Wine.

ORDOLEUM

Rulandus: is a Small Ulcer in the Eyebrows, like Grains of Barley.

OREXIS

Rulandus: is Heart Burn, a Heat rising from the Stomach to the Throat.

ORGANOPEOTICA

Rulandus: The Art of Making Warlike Instruments.

ORICHALCEA FILA

Rulandus: Brazen Threads, or Brushes.

ORIZEUM

Rulandus: i.e., Gold.

ORIZEUM FOLIATUM

Rulandus: Gold Beaten into Thin Plates with a Mallet.

ORIZEUM PRAECIPITATUM

Rulandus: Gold Reduced to its Flowers by means of Flowers of Mercury.

ORIZA

Rulandus: i.e., Rice.

ORMS

Rulandus: i.e., a Hen.

ORNITHAE CECIAS

Rulandus: South-East.

OROBO

Rulandus: Metallic Glass.

OROGAMO

Rulandus: Gold.

OS

Rulandus: Month.

OS FORNACIS

Rulandus: The Eye of the Furnace.

OS SPIRITALE

Rulandus: A Damper for Current of Air.

OSTRACITES

Rulandus: is a kind of Stone, or Precious Stone, or a species of Calamine, so called after the Shell of the Oyster, for it can be separated into flakes after the same manner as the oyster-shell. Pliny seems to speak of one kind only. Nevertheless, it may be regarded as divisible into three species, of which the first is like mussel-shell, the second like oyster-shell, and the third like agate. The first has scissile veins, and is found in Saxony, as also is the second. On the authority of Dioscorides, Ostracites checks menstruation, is good for inflammation of the breasts, and for corroding sores, or swellings.

OSOROR

Rulandus: i.e., Opium.

OSSA PARALLELI

Rulandus: is a Medicament universally used in Gout.

OSTRUTIUM TRANSPLANTUM

Rulandus: i.e., the Herb Angelica.

OTHAN

Rulandus: The Mercury of the Philosophers. Ovum, i.e., the Blessed Stone.

OVUM PHILOSOPHICUM

Rulandus: The Philosophical or Hermetic Egg used in Alchemical Operations.

OXOS

Rulandus: Vinegar, or Oil of Palestine, which is Vinegar.

OXY

Rulandus: i.e., Pointed.

OZEMAN

Rulandus: White of Eggs.

OZO

Rulandus: i.e., Arsenic.